Pathological insights of Hepatic, Renal, and Cerebral Changes Following concomitant Deltamethrin and Escherichia coli Exposure in Broiler Chickens
Sakshi Tiwari *
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Co.V.Sc. & A.H., DUVASU, Mathura, 281001, U.P., India.
K.K Jakhar
Department Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
Amit Shukla
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Co.V.Sc. & A.H., DUVASU, Mathura, 281001, U.P., India.
Babu Lal Jangir
Department Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
D. D. Singh
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Co.V.Sc. & A.H., DUVASU, Mathura, 281001, U.P., India.
Renu Singh
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Co.V.Sc. & A.H., DUVASU, Mathura, 281001, U.P., India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
India’s growing agricultural sector and dependence on farm productivity have led to increased indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, posing significant risks to human and animal health.
The extensive use of Deltamethrin in poultry farming and the high prevalence of Escherichia coli infections pose significant threats to poultry health, productivity, and food safety.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the concomitant deleterious effect of deltamethrin with E.coli infection. 230 seven-day-old chicks were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A (70 birds), Group B (80 birds), and Group C (80 birds). Prior to the experiment, the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of deltamethrin was determined and found to be 43.75 mg/kg
Birds in Group B received 1/5th of the MTD orally, while those in Group C were administered 1/10th of the MTD throughout the study period. Group A served as the untreated control. At 14 days of age, each group was further subdivided as follows: Group A into A1 (30 birds) and A2 (40 birds), Group B into B1 and B2 (40 birds each), and Group C into C1 and C2 (40 birds each). Birds in subgroups A2, B2, and C2 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10⁷ CFU of Escherichia coli in 1 ml of normal saline. The experiment was conducted over a period of 42 days. Gross pathological examination of infected subgroups revealed characteristic lesions of colibacillosis, including fibrinous perihepatitis. Birds exposed to deltamethrin alone exhibited pale carcasses, hepatomegaly with mottling, and congestion of the liver, kidneys, and brain. These lesions were comparatively milder in subgroup C1 than in B1. Histopathological findings in colibacillosis-infected birds included vascular congestion, fibrinous perihepatitis with fibrin deposition, mononuclear cell infiltration in the kidneys with focal interstitial nephritis, and cerebral congestion accompanied by meningitis and encephalitis. In birds treated with deltamethrin alone, lesions included mild hepatic congestion with focal necrosis, focal interstitial nephritis, and cerebral congestion. Thus, it is concluded from the present study that the severe pathomorphological alterations were induced following concomitant exposure of deltamethrin with E.coli infection in poultry birds at the dose i.e. 1/5th of MTD as compared to 1/10th of MTD. And the GLS and HLS indicated that the dose-dependent toxicity of deltamethrin.
Keywords: Deltamethrin, broiler chickens, escherichia coli, toxicity, colibacillosis