Sustainable Aquaculture-livestock Integrated Systems: A Review
Poojitha K
Tene Agricultural Solutions Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru- 560064, India.
Mamta
Department of Livestock Production and Management (LPM), DUVASU, Mathura, India.
Sandeep Bhardwaj
*
Department of Basic Engineering COAE&T CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana, India.
Leena N. Fukey
School of Business and Management, Department of Hotel Management, Christ (Deemed to be University) Bangalore- 560029, India.
Sonal Pathak
Department of Agriculture Communication, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-262308, India.
Shailesh Kumar Gupta
Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jashpur (C.G.), India.
Robin
Department of Agriculture, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, India.
Saurabh Sharma
Department of Veterinary Extension Education, Shourabh College of Veterinary Science., SCVS, Hindone City, Karauli, Rajasthan- 322234, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aquaculture is arguably the fastest-growing food production part, and it plays a big role in global food, as well as nutritional security. Still, in many intensive setups people push production too hard, and then you end up with environmental degradation, depletion of resources, and yes often higher production costs too. Because of that, aquaculture–livestock integrated systems have been suggested as a more sustainable direction. The basic idea is kind of simple: you recycle livestock waste into nutrients, so fish production gets a boost without wasting everything. In this review, the main concepts are laid out, plus the main types and ecological logic behind integrated arrangements like fish–duck, fish–poultry, fish–pig, and fish–cattle farming. The focus stays on productivity, economic feasibility, and the environmental advantages, even when real-world conditions get messy. It also looks at recent improvements, for example Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), aquaponics, biofloc technology, and digital aquaculture, all of which can raise overall efficiency and sustainability. Even with these benefits, there are obstacles. Disease hazards, water quality troubles, system complexity, limited funds, and policy boundaries often stop people from scaling up. Looking ahead, the next steps depend heavily on technological innovations and climate-adapted strategies, in order to strengthen sustainability and keep productivity from dropping.
Keywords: Aquaculture–livestock integration, sustainable aquaculture, nutrient recycling, aquaponics