UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Hepatic insufficiency is a condition in which the liver is unable to adequately carry out its metabolic, excretory and detoxification roles. This impairment may result from a reduction in the number of functional hepatocytes or from alterations in their normal activity. The present study evaluated haemato-biochemical and urinary alterations in dogs with hepatic dysfunction and assessed their diagnostic significance. A total of 12 affected dogs and 10 healthy controls were included. Blood, serum, and urine samples were analyzed using standard methods, and data were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Among the haematological parameters, haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume were significantly reduced to 9.74±0.03 g/dl, 4.41±0.06 ×10⁶/µl and 29.38±0.30%, respectively, while total leukocyte count increased significantly to 19.82±1.10 ×10³/µl in dogs with hepatic dysfunction. Biochemical analysis revealed marked elevations in major liver enzymes including ALT (156.94±3.56 IU/L), AST (143.23±3.41 IU/L), ALP (293.37±19.15 IU/L) and GGT (15.83±1.13 IU/L) compared to healthy controls. Total bilirubin was significantly increased to 1.19±0.14 mg/dl, whereas total protein and glucose levels declined significantly to 4.69±0.15 g/dl and 66.45±0.53 mg/dl, respectively. Urinalysis showed increased bilirubin and urobilinogen levels with decreased urine specific gravity in affected dogs.

The study concludes that hepatic dysfunction in dogs is associated with distinct haematological, biochemical, and urinary alterations, and that their combined evaluation provides a reliable tool for early diagnosis and assessment of liver disease.