UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Water pollution has emerged as a critical environmental challenge, exerting increasing pressure on the stability and biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. This study proposes a coupled mathematical framework designed to analyse pollutant transport mechanisms and their associated ecological impacts on aquatic species. The framework combines advection–diffusion-based pollutant transport dynamics with population-level biological models that incorporate toxicity-driven dose response relationships. Numerical simulations conducted under multiple pollution scenarios are employed to examine spatial and temporal variations in contaminant concentrations and corresponding population responses. A case study examining ammonia toxicity in Daphnia magna demonstrates the model’s capability to identify critical concentration thresholds beyond which pronounced ecological degradation is observed. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the influence of key model parameters on simulation outcomes. The proposed framework serves as an effective decision-support tool for ecological risk assessment and water pollution management, offering insights relevant to environmental conservation and policy formulation.