UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

In this study we assessed diel and seasonal patterns of human-leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) conflicts in Gir Somnath district. Data for this study was collected over a decade (2014–2023) within the geographical limits of the Gir Somnath district, Gujarat This study utilized a combination approach to examine human-leopard conflict over a decade in Gir Somnath. Systematic collection of secondary data from Gujarat Forest Department records included information on when and where incidents happened, who the victims were, and how compensation worked. This was supported by primary field data, which included structured questionnaires and focus group discussions with forest staff and individuals who lived nearby. An examination of 243 Gir Somnath leopard attacks from 2014 to 2023 shows different geographical and chronobiological traits. Due to their closeness to forests, Gir Gadhada (29%) and Talala (18%) were the riskiest areas during the peak of conflict in 2017. Leopard attacks increased in the winter of 2023, suggesting that the monsoon is no longer the most hazardous season. According to Diel research, most events take place between 12:00 AM and 6:00 AM, when people are least able to see. This suggests a nocturnal bias. Children under 15 years of age and adults aged 25 to 64 are most vulnerable. In Talala, there are more male victims than female victims. 21% of encounters result in fatalities, whereas 64% cause minor injuries. In some talukas of Gir Somnath, leopards live continuously with humans, frequently hiding in sugarcane and mango orchards. Children are most at risk, and although the majority of encounters result in minor defensive injuries, 21% are fatal. During the monsoon, conflicts are most prevalent at night. In order to navigate these shared landscapes more safely, workers in the field need to be alert and use protective farming techniques.