Comprehensive Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment of Hepatic and Renal Protective Effects of Cobalt Nanoparticles by Using Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia herba alba in Laboratory Male Rats Induced Diabetic
Fatima J. Mohammed *
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Wasfi A. Al-Masoudi
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Zainab A. Shehab
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In this experimental investigation, 30 male rats with alloxan-induced diabetes were used to assess the biochemical, histopathological, and physiological effects of three treatments: Artemisia herba alba-coated cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs-AHA), Artemisia herba alba nanoparticles (AHA-NPs), and alcoholic extract of Artemisia herba alba (AHA extract). Significant weight loss resulted with the injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), which also caused notable changes in blood biochemical markers and the weights of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Along with normalised creatinine (20.66 ±6.77), urea (5.59 ±1.57), AST, ALT, and ALP levels (70.50 ±6.65, 28.50 ±5.39, 100.66 ±10.15) in ( P≤ 0.05), and the restoration of liver and kidney histological architecture, CoNPs-AHA (104.5µg\ml) treatment led to a considerable improvement in body weight and pancreatic weight as compared to the diabetic group. The administration of AHA-NPs (146µg\ml) improved lipid profiles (HDL 32.66 ±4.17, TG 29.00 ±1.64, TCh 24.28 ±1.00) at (P≤ 0.05), and liver enzyme levels while also considerably increasing body and pancreatic weights. Furthermore, when compared to diabetic controls, therapy with AHA extract resulted in positive changes in organ weights, lipid profiles, and serum urea and creatinine levels. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the CoNPs-AHA group had almost full restoration of normal morphology, confirming the regenerative effects of these therapies on the liver and kidneys. These results suggest that CoNPs-AHA, AHA-NPs, and AHA extract may be useful therapeutic agents for reducing the biochemical and histological effects of diabetes mellitus in experimental rat models. This research focuses on an innovative approach for diabetes mellitus treatment, offering a new therapeutic possibility. Our study provides a promising evidence that could enhance the diabetes management. Furthermore, these finding open a new horizon for the researcher in the future who seeking for diabetes treatment with advance solution.
Keywords: Artemisia herba alba, Co3O4-NPs, diabetes mellitus, histopathology