Evaluating the Antioxidant Potential of Fenugreek Leaves Extract in Mitigating Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sheep Red Blood Cells: An in-vitro Study
Rao Katuru *
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CVSc, Garividi. India.
Donga Durga Veera Hanuman
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad, India.
Gandham Nagarjuna
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad, India.
Shaz Murtuza
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
Laudya Naveen
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
K.Mounika
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical pathological mechanism implicated in the progression of various disease conditions, primarily due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that overwhelm the body's antioxidant defenses. Among the different cell types affected, erythrocytes are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage because of their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content and continuous exposure to oxygen. This makes them a key target for oxidative injury, which can compromise membrane integrity and reduce cell lifespan. Natural antioxidants have gained considerable attention for their potential to mitigate oxidative stress. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), in particular, is recognized for its strong antioxidant properties, attributed to its rich composition of carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds can effectively scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting erythrocytes from oxidative insult. The present study was to explore the antioxidant efficacy of Fenugreek in counteracting sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress within sheep red blood cells (RBCs). The inherent vulnerability of RBCs to oxidative stress is attributed to the elevated presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids within their membranes. By subjecting red blood cells to 24-hour incubation with sodium fluoride (NaF), oxidative stress was effectively induced. Our protective strategies involved the utilization of ascorbic acid and Fenugreek extract. Notably, alterations in the levels of SOD, GSH, and MDA were utilized as indicators of oxidative stress severity. Both ascorbic acid and Fenugreek extract exhibited the capacity to restore the proportions of SOD, GSH, and MDA to levels parallel to the normal state. This resounding outcome underscored the potential of these treatments to mitigate the oxidative stress triggered by sodium fluoride (NaF) in erythrocytes. In conclusion, the pronounced antioxidant properties of both ascorbic acid and Fenugreek offer a promising avenue for alleviating the oxidative stress inflicted on erythrocytes by sodium fluoride (NaF). This study further accentuates the significant role of Fenugreek as a potential natural remedy against oxidative damage, particularly in the context of sodium fluoride-induced stress within red blood cells.
Keywords: Antioxidant potential, fenugreek, oxidative stress, blood cells