Preliminary Study on Biofilm Formation of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Goats in Malang, Indonesia
Indah Amalia Amri *
Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Dodik Prasetyo
Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni
Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jember, East Java, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to assess the biofilm-forming ability of Pasteurella multocida isolated from goats in Malang, Indonesia, as part of a preliminary effort to understand its pathogenic potential and implications for veterinary treatment strategies.
Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional observational design, and was conducted in the Malang Raya region, Indonesia, from June to December 2024. A total of 63 clinical samples were collected post-mortem from goats exhibiting acute respiratory symptoms. Bacterial isolation was performed on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Biochemical identification of P. multocida was confirmed through Gram staining and a panel of biochemical tests. The biofilm formation ability was assessed using a microtiter plate assay with crystal violet staining, and the optical density (OD) was measured at 595 nm. Classification was based on established OD cutoff criteria.
Results: Out of 63 samples, 8 isolates (12.7%) were confirmed as P. multocida. Biofilm assessment revealed diverse formation capacities: 3 isolates were non-biofilm formers (OD ≤ 0.600), 2 were weak (0.601–1.200), and 3 were moderate biofilm formers (1.201–2.400). No strong biofilm formers were identified. The presence of moderate biofilm formers indicates a potential increase in persistence and antimicrobial resistance, which may complicate treatment protocols.
Conclusion: The varying abilities of P. multocida isolates to form biofilms underscore the importance of considering biofilm-associated resistance in veterinary intervention strategies. This study provides foundational data for future molecular and therapeutic research.
Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, biofilm formation, goats, respiratory infection