Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Extracts against Multi-drug-resistant Pathogens Causing White Faeces Syndrome in White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Haryana, India
Shushant Godara
Aquatic Animal Health Management, COFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
Ravikant Verma *
Aquatic Animal Health Management, COFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India and Zoology, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
Vaibhaiv Tripathi
Fisheries Resource Management, COFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
Manju Rani
Biochemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
Gajender Singh
Aquatic Animal Health Management, COFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India and Zoology, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
Asha Poonia
Zoology, CBLU, Bhiwani, 127021, India.
Rachna Gulati
Zoology, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India and Fisheries Resource Management, COFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 125004, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is most demanding animal food. It is facing a tremendous loss due to bacterial diseases. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts from indigenous herbal plants associated with white faeces syndrome (WFS). Globally, WFS is a gastrointestinal ailment affecting penaeid shrimp, resulting in significant losses in both productivity and revenue. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogen-driven bacterial infections pose a concern for the aquaculture of Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In this study, ten bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified from shrimp farms in Haryana, India. The antibiotic resistance was also investigated against twenty antibiotics, and the antibacterial activities of Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus amarus, and Tinospora cordifolia were evaluated. The isolates reported MDR and were identified as Shewanella algae and as Vibrio panuliri strains using 16S rRNA ribotyping. Resazurin-based turbidimetric assays demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with MBCs of 0.80–12.88 \(\mu\)g/ml and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.39 –12.75 \(\mu\)g/ml, making them an environmentally friendly substitute for antibiotics. These results demonstrate the critical need for innovative approaches to fight MDR infections and emphasize the potential of herbal extracts as long-term disease control measures in prawn aquaculture.
Keywords: Antibacterial herbs, MDR pathogens, white faeces syndrome, Litopenaeus vannamei