UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

This study aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Smilax perofialta (EESP) Ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced by administering ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) o.p while the vehicle control group received saline. The standard group was treated with allopurinol (50mg/kg), and the test groups received low dose (400 mg/kg) p.o, median doses (600 mg/kg) p.o and high dose (800 mg/kg) p.o of EESP. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, indicating its potential therapeutic effects. The study assessed body weight changes and analyzed various urine parameters, including oxalate, calcium, phosphate, and uric acid levels. Additionally, serum parameters such as, creatinine, BUN and uric acid were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney tissues was performed to evaluate structural changes induced by urolithiasis and the protective effects of Ethanolic plant extract. Results indicated that treatment with EESP significantly reduced urinary oxalate and calcium levels, improved serum biochemistry. Histopathological analysis further demonstrated the protective effects of EESP on kidney morphology. This study concludes that the ethanolic leaf extract of Smilax perfoliata exhibits promising antiurolithiatic properties, potentially due to its ability to modulate oxidative stress and restore kidney function, highlighting its therapeutic potential in managing urolithiasis.