UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Fatty Liver Syndrome (FLS), also known as hepatic lipidosis, is a metabolic disorder affecting high-producing dairy cows, particularly during the early weeks of lactation. It is most prevalent in systems where all cows, regardless of their milk yield potential, are fed the same ration. This condition is more common in adult cows than in heifers and typically manifests within the first two weeks postpartum, though it can develop upto a month after calving. FLS occurs when high-producing dairy cows become over-conditioned during late pregnancy or in the dry period, resulting in a body condition score (BCS) greater than 3.5 at calving. At calving, these dairy cows experience a negative energy balance due to the sudden energy demands of lactation. Consequently, the body mobilizes excess fat reserves to meet the energy requirements. However, cows with a high BCS often have reduced appetite, leading to lower energy intake. This reduced intake exacerbates fat mobilization, overwhelming the liver's capacity to process the mobilized fat. The excess fat accumulates in the liver, impairing its function and leading to hepatic lipidosis. Early intervention is critical to prevent severe complications and to improve recovery outcomes. Implementing these preventive and management strategies can significantly reduce the incidence and impact of Fatty Liver Syndrome in dairy herds, leading to improved animal health and farm productivity.