Documentation of Scent Marking with the Preorbital Gland in Banbakri Antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
Suday Prasad
*
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.
C. S. Prabhakar
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.
Amit Kumar
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.
Paras Nath
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.
Reyaz Ahmad
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Scent marking using the preorbital gland in the Banbakri antelope, also known as the white-footed antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus), was studied at the Haryana Agriculture Farm, VKS College of Agriculture, Dumraon. This study investigated the behaviour of Banbakri antelopes concerning preorbital gland opening under various conditions, including stress, starvation, and maturity. The research aimed to assess this behaviour as part of a broader investigation into the phenotypic and behavioural characteristics of Banbakri/Nilgai to enhance their well-being and improve resource management. The research is important because it will expand the understanding of this elegant species' behaviour and the functional role of its preorbital gland. Its potential applications in antimicrobial drug development will be explored as well.
In mature Banbakri antelopes, the preorbital glands measured approximately 2.1 cm in length and 1.0 cm in width. These exocrine glands, appearing as trench-like slits of dark blue to black coloration, were located beneath the eyes. Under free-roaming conditions, both male and female, B. tragocamelus, rarely exhibited preorbital gland opening. However, the gland was observed to open under stress, particularly when the animal was restrained with a halter for the first time, either at night or occasionally during the day. Preorbital gland opening was also noted during maturity, hunger, and stressful conditions. The findings suggest that this behaviour may serve as a key indicator for differentiating between playful, courtship, and aggressive social behaviours, particularly in stressful situations or stages of maturity. Additionally, the gland may secrete pheromonal substances that facilitate olfactory communication.
To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have reported the opening of the preorbital gland in Banbakri antelopes (B. tragocamelus). This study presents the first recorded observation of this behaviour in captive white-footed antelopes, contributing novel insights into their behavioural ecology.
Keywords: Antelope, habitat, stress, banbakri calf, behaviour, pheromone