THE IMPACT POLLUTION WITH MATERIAL PARTICLES ON VEGETABLE COMPONENTS
CARMEN OTILIA RUSĂNESCU
Department of Biotechnology Systems, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politechnica, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.
MARIN RUSĂNESCU *
Valplast Industrie, 9 Preciziei Blv., 062202, Bucharest, Romania.
DOREL STOICA
Department of Biotechnology Systems, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politechnica, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In this paper is analyzed the impact on pollution with material particles PM 10, PM 2.5 on vegetation. The effects of particles of vegetation are: reduced light required for photosynthesis, increased leaf temperature due to changes in surface optical properties, impaired respiration, impaired stomatal function, reduced leaf area in the immediate vicinity of pollutants, reduced concentration of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll and directly plant productivity. Pollution caused by road transport on vegetation results from changes in soil chemistry, composition or foliar chemistry. The impact on the vegetation occurs 1 km from the road due to the rapid dispersion of air pollutants of vehicles. The leaves of plants capture pollutants, their assimilative organs being directly affected by air pollution. The material particles PM 10 ((is a mixture of very small particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less) and PM 2.5 (is a mixture of very small particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less), temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were monitored in interval November 01.11.-08.11.2020 and 01.01-20.11.2020 with the weather station from the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, Romania. The presence of vegetation led to the decrease of material particles, by the absorption of material particles by the leaves of plants. Meteorological parameters influence the level of particulate pollution, in conditions of high temperature, clear sky and low wind, the concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 reach higher levels.
The structural aspect of the PM10 and PM 2.5 material particles were highlighted by optical and electron microscopy.
Keywords: PM10, PM 2.5, pollution, vegetation.